Influence of temperature on thermodynamic properties of substituted aromatic compounds

This work presents experimental liquid densities and ultrasonic velocities for a collection of substituted aromatic compounds (isobutylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, butylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene) at the range of temperature 278.15–323.15 K and atmospheric pressure of a collection of halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Fitting equations were applied to data in order to correlate for later computer-based design. The estimation of the studied properties was made by the application of different theoretical procedures. An equation of state based on the generalised Van der Waals theory which combines the Staverman–Guggenheim combinatorial term of lattice statistics with an attractive lattice gas expression and the free length theory (FLT) showed a good response at the studied conditions.     

A Selective Pharmaceutical Analysis Technique with Sensitive Piezoelectric Crystal Quartz Sensors

Abstract

The frequency shift of a piezoelectric crystal sensor showed a linear dependence on the concentration for drugs which can be hydrolyzed in base aqueous solutions, at a given reacting time after the addition of the base, when the base concentration is basically constant during the entire measurement period. The sensitivity of the analysis method was improved, if crystal responses at different reacting times were recorded and utilized to estimate component concentration, when used for determining atropine sulfate in a pharmaceutical compound. The analytical results indicated that the selective and sensitive analytical procedure could be easily applied in true low concentration pharmaceutical analysis.     

Broadband dielectric characterization of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride)thin films between 278 K and 308 K

This work describes the dielectric properties of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin films in the frequency and temperature ranges relevant for usual applications. We measured the isothermal dielectric relaxation spectra of commercial piezoelectric PVDF thin films between 10 Hz to 10 MHz, at several temperatures from 278 K to 308 K. Measurements were made for samples in mechanically free and clamped conditions, in the direction of the poling field (perpendicular to the film). We found that the imaginary part of the dielectric relaxation spectra of free and clamped PVDF samples is dominated by a peak, above 100 kHz, that can be characterized by a Havriliak-Negami function. The characteristic time follows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature. Moreover, the spectra of the free PVDF samples show two additional peaks at low frequencies which are associated with mechanical relaxation processes. Our results are important for the characterization of piezoelectric PVDF, particularly after the stretching and poling processes in thin films, and for the design and characterization of a broad range of ultrasonic transducers.     

Nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of an infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity based on the method of multiple scales

This paper presents a nonlinear thickness-shear vibration model for onedimensional infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity. The constitutive equations with flexoelectricity and governing equations are derived from the Gibbs energy density function and variational principle. The displacement adopted here is assumed to be antisymmetric through the thickness due to the thickness-shear vibration mode. Only the shear strain gradient through the thickness is considered in the present model. With geometric nonlinearity, the governing equations are converted into differential equations as the function of time by the Galerkin method. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the solution to the nonlinear governing equation with first order approximation. Numerical results show that the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of piezoelectric plate is size dependent, and the flexoelectric effect has significant influence on the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration frequencies of micro-size thin plates. The geometric nonlinearity also affects the thickness-shear vibration frequencies greatly. The results show that flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity cannot be ignored in design of accurate high-frequency piezoelectric devices.     

Study on wave dispersion characteristics of piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates considering surface effects

In this study, the wave propagation properties of piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates deposited on an orthotropic viscoelastic foundation are analyzed by considering the surface effects (SEs). The nanoplates are composed of a composite layer reinforced by graphene and two piezoelectric surface layers. Utilizing the modified Halpin-Tsai model, the material parameters of composite layers are obtained. The displacement field is determined by the sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). The Euler-Lagrange equation is derived by employing Hamilton’s principle and the constitutive equations of piezoelectric layers considering the SEs. Subsequently, the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is used to obtain the equations of motion. Next, the effects of scale parameters, graphene distribution, orthotropic viscoelastic foundation, and SEs on the propagation behavior are numerically examined. The results reveal that the wave frequency is a periodic function of the orthotropic angle. Furthermore, the wave frequency increases with the increase in the SEs.

     

随机参数智能桁架结构动力特性分析

文中针对随机参数压电智能桁架结构研究了基于概率的结构动力特性分析方法。建立了压电主动檑和被动杆结构材料的质量密度、弹性模量同时具有随机性时结构的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵；从结构振动的瑞利商表达式出发，利用代数综合法推导出结构特征值随机变量数字特征的计算表达式。最后通过两个算例考察了智能桁架结构物理参数的随机性对其动力特性的影响，并获得了一些有意义的结论。     

压电材料椭圆夹杂界面开裂问题的电弹性耦合解

本文研究了在反平面剪切和面内电场的共同作用下，压电材料椭圆夹杂的界面开裂问题，假定夹杂是刚性的导体，采用复变函数保角变换和级数展开方法，可确定压电材料基体的复势表达式，进而求得夹杂界面开裂的电弹性耦合的能量释放率。     

单相旋转型驻波超声电机的数学模型及仿真

尽管单相驱动的旋转型驻波超声电机的原理样机早巳研制成功，但对这类电机的运动机理的研究却一直局限在定性分析上。本文将从能量角度，根据Hamilton变分原理，定、转子摩擦界面采用纯滑动模型建立了该种电机的数学模型；并根据此模型，用MATLAB语言作了计算机仿真，得到了该种电机的开、关过程动态响应。     

C/C-SiC复合材料的制备及其湿式摩擦磨损性能研究

采用T700炭纤维针刺毡,经超声振动渗硅、化学气相沉积(CVD)、硅化处理及液相浸渍/炭化新工艺制备SiC呈"岛状"分布的C/C-SiC复合材料,利用偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察其微观组织结构并分析其形成机制,在MM-1000型湿式摩擦磨损试验机上研究C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在初始转速恒定的条件下,动摩擦系数随制动比压的增加而逐渐减小;当制动比压恒定时,摩擦系数随初始转速的增加呈现出先增大而后降低的趋势;在本文试验条件下,摩擦系数稳定在0.088～0.126之间;在300次磨损试验后,其磨损量检测值为0.     

基于ZigBee网络和超声定位的智能跟随小车

基于成熟的IEEE802.15.4协议和ZigBee无线模块,结合超声定位,设计了一种新颖的智能跟随系统。设计的核心为PIC18F4620单片机和MRF24J40MA无线收发模块,通过无线收发来完成节点间的识别与同步,同时以超声测距系统完成对被跟踪目标的定位,通过控制驱动电机动作实现对指定目标的定距离跟随。控制网络以子网的形式控制不同系统的分时定位跟随,同时管理各移动定位系统的入网和切换。样机测试结果表明系统达到了预期的跟随设计要求,具有一定的工程使用价值。